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2005 Corn Weed Control Guide

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Sponsored by
Syngenta Crop Protection


2005 Soybean Weed Control Guide

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Q&A

Dec 1, 2005 12:00 PM

DAN TOWERY created Ag Conservation Solutions, an ag consulting business, in January 2005, after working 25 years with the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). While at the NRCS, Towery managed the National Crop Residue Management survey for the Conservation Technology Information Center and helped promote conservation practices suitable for production agriculture. For more information, visit www.agconservationsolutions.com.

How does a cover crop like annual ryegrass help farmers?

Test plots on Ralph “Junior” Upton's farm, near Springerton, IL, showed a dramatic improvement in no-till corn yields after several years of planting an annual ryegrass cover on hardpan clay soils. This year, during a very dry season, no-till corn after six years of an annual ryegrass cover yielded 230 bu./acre; no-till corn after two years of annual ryegrass yielded 115 bu./acre; and no-till corn without a cover crop yielded 65 bu./acre. Eventually, the USDA may shift policy towards “green payments” to farmers like Upton, who practice conservation techniques such as no-till and cover cropping.

Why should retailers or applicators consider offering cover crop management services?

It adds another potential income for selling seed and mixing it with fertilizer before broadcasting it and for weed control after establishment. Seeding dates are very important as are timing of the burndown and the proper use of herbicides to do the job.

Which farms, in what states, would most benefit from an annual ryegrass cover crop?

It is already used extensively in the Southeast, South and in Missouri as winter pasture; the current focus is in Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri and Kentucky. Farmers are still experimenting with how far north it can be seeded. Many fields in central and southern Indiana and Illinois had significant winter kill issues this year for the first time in six years.

Why plant annual ryegrass rather than cereal rye or hairy vetch?

Hairy vetch and cereal rye are a nightmare to manage if one plants a large acreage or doesn't stay on top of it. Annual ryegrass is sprayed with a burndown in early April, when it typically has about 8 in. of top growth. Depending on the soil type and the number of years annual ryegrass has been planted, the roots will grow 50 to 60 in. The roots are the main focus, not top growth. This leaves a big window to plant corn or soybeans. Soil moisture is not depleted, if it is a dry spring, and insects like cutworm and armyworm are not attracted to annual ryegrass this early in the season.

Would a cover crop service hurt ag retailer profits by reducing nitrogen sales?

Annual ryegrass is a good nitrogen scavenger. The amount of nitrogen “scavenged” will vary from farm to farm, but one may expect 30 to 60 lbs./acre nitrogen carryover. Farmers will appreciate co-ops that are looking out for their customers. Besides, if the co-op sells the annual ryegrass seed, then there's an increased opportunity to reach new customers and there is no loss in income.







 

SEFP ATE




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